{
 "about": "County seats for the county-equivalents that Wikidata (P36) does not give a validated seat, and the reason for each one that has no seat. Each row names its source page (source_url), the publisher, the kind of publisher (county, state or federal government, or county-association where no government page could be reached), the date it was checked and a quote from the page. Published by countyatlas.org; the county seat columns of /data/counties.csv are built from it.",
 "rows": [
  {
   "geoid": "02016",
   "name": "Aleutians West Census Area",
   "state": "Alaska",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. A census area in the Unorganized Borough, with no borough government.",
   "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=29.03.010&secEnd=29.03.010",
   "publisher": "Alaska Legislature, Alaska Statutes 29.03.010",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Sec. 29.03.010. Establishment. Areas of the state that are not within the boundaries of an organized borough constitute a single unorganized borough."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "02020",
   "name": "Anchorage Municipality",
   "state": "Alaska",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "No separate seat. The city and borough are one unified government.",
   "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=29.06.190&secEnd=29.06.190",
   "publisher": "Alaska Legislature, Alaska Statutes 29.06.190",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Sec. 29.06.190. Unification of municipalities authorized. (a) A borough and all cities in the borough may unite to form a single unit of home rule government ... (b) An area that is not incorporated as a borough, including any cities in the area, may incorporate as a unified municipality under AS 29.05.031."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "02050",
   "name": "Bethel Census Area",
   "state": "Alaska",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. A census area in the Unorganized Borough, with no borough government.",
   "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=29.03.010&secEnd=29.03.010",
   "publisher": "Alaska Legislature, Alaska Statutes 29.03.010",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Sec. 29.03.010. Establishment. Areas of the state that are not within the boundaries of an organized borough constitute a single unorganized borough."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "02063",
   "name": "Chugach Census Area",
   "state": "Alaska",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. A census area in the Unorganized Borough, with no borough government.",
   "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=29.03.010&secEnd=29.03.010",
   "publisher": "Alaska Legislature, Alaska Statutes 29.03.010",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Sec. 29.03.010. Establishment. Areas of the state that are not within the boundaries of an organized borough constitute a single unorganized borough."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "02066",
   "name": "Copper River Census Area",
   "state": "Alaska",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. A census area in the Unorganized Borough, with no borough government.",
   "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=29.03.010&secEnd=29.03.010",
   "publisher": "Alaska Legislature, Alaska Statutes 29.03.010",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Sec. 29.03.010. Establishment. Areas of the state that are not within the boundaries of an organized borough constitute a single unorganized borough."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "02070",
   "name": "Dillingham Census Area",
   "state": "Alaska",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. A census area in the Unorganized Borough, with no borough government.",
   "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=29.03.010&secEnd=29.03.010",
   "publisher": "Alaska Legislature, Alaska Statutes 29.03.010",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Sec. 29.03.010. Establishment. Areas of the state that are not within the boundaries of an organized borough constitute a single unorganized borough."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "02105",
   "name": "Hoonah-Angoon Census Area",
   "state": "Alaska",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. A census area in the Unorganized Borough, with no borough government.",
   "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=29.03.010&secEnd=29.03.010",
   "publisher": "Alaska Legislature, Alaska Statutes 29.03.010",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Sec. 29.03.010. Establishment. Areas of the state that are not within the boundaries of an organized borough constitute a single unorganized borough."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "02110",
   "name": "Juneau City and Borough",
   "state": "Alaska",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "No separate seat. The city and borough are one unified government.",
   "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=29.06.190&secEnd=29.06.190",
   "publisher": "Alaska Legislature, Alaska Statutes 29.06.190",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Sec. 29.06.190. Unification of municipalities authorized. (a) A borough and all cities in the borough may unite to form a single unit of home rule government ... (b) An area that is not incorporated as a borough, including any cities in the area, may incorporate as a unified municipality under AS 29.05.031."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "02158",
   "name": "Kusilvak Census Area",
   "state": "Alaska",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. A census area in the Unorganized Borough, with no borough government.",
   "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=29.03.010&secEnd=29.03.010",
   "publisher": "Alaska Legislature, Alaska Statutes 29.03.010",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Sec. 29.03.010. Establishment. Areas of the state that are not within the boundaries of an organized borough constitute a single unorganized borough."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "02164",
   "name": "Lake and Peninsula Borough",
   "state": "Alaska",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None in the borough. Its offices are in King Salmon, in Bristol Bay Borough.",
   "source_url": "https://www.lakeandpen.com/contact_form",
   "publisher": "Lake and Peninsula Borough",
   "publisher_kind": "county",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Contact Us The Lake and Peninsula Borough P.O. Box 495 King Salmon, Alaska 99613. (Bristol Bay Borough, bristolbayboroughak.us: \"consisting of three cities: Naknek, South Naknek and King Salmon.\")"
  },
  {
   "geoid": "02180",
   "name": "Nome Census Area",
   "state": "Alaska",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. A census area in the Unorganized Borough, with no borough government.",
   "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=29.03.010&secEnd=29.03.010",
   "publisher": "Alaska Legislature, Alaska Statutes 29.03.010",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Sec. 29.03.010. Establishment. Areas of the state that are not within the boundaries of an organized borough constitute a single unorganized borough."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "02198",
   "name": "Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area",
   "state": "Alaska",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. A census area in the Unorganized Borough, with no borough government.",
   "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=29.03.010&secEnd=29.03.010",
   "publisher": "Alaska Legislature, Alaska Statutes 29.03.010",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Sec. 29.03.010. Establishment. Areas of the state that are not within the boundaries of an organized borough constitute a single unorganized borough."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "02220",
   "name": "Sitka City and Borough",
   "state": "Alaska",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "No separate seat. The city and borough are one unified government.",
   "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=29.06.190&secEnd=29.06.190",
   "publisher": "Alaska Legislature, Alaska Statutes 29.06.190",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Sec. 29.06.190. Unification of municipalities authorized. (a) A borough and all cities in the borough may unite to form a single unit of home rule government ... (b) An area that is not incorporated as a borough, including any cities in the area, may incorporate as a unified municipality under AS 29.05.031."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "02230",
   "name": "Skagway Municipality",
   "state": "Alaska",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "No separate seat. The city and borough are one unified government.",
   "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=29.06.190&secEnd=29.06.190",
   "publisher": "Alaska Legislature, Alaska Statutes 29.06.190",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Sec. 29.06.190. Unification of municipalities authorized. (a) A borough and all cities in the borough may unite to form a single unit of home rule government ... (b) An area that is not incorporated as a borough, including any cities in the area, may incorporate as a unified municipality under AS 29.05.031."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "02240",
   "name": "Southeast Fairbanks Census Area",
   "state": "Alaska",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. A census area in the Unorganized Borough, with no borough government.",
   "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=29.03.010&secEnd=29.03.010",
   "publisher": "Alaska Legislature, Alaska Statutes 29.03.010",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Sec. 29.03.010. Establishment. Areas of the state that are not within the boundaries of an organized borough constitute a single unorganized borough."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "02275",
   "name": "Wrangell City and Borough",
   "state": "Alaska",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "No separate seat. The city and borough are one unified government.",
   "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=29.06.190&secEnd=29.06.190",
   "publisher": "Alaska Legislature, Alaska Statutes 29.06.190",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Sec. 29.06.190. Unification of municipalities authorized. (a) A borough and all cities in the borough may unite to form a single unit of home rule government ... (b) An area that is not incorporated as a borough, including any cities in the area, may incorporate as a unified municipality under AS 29.05.031."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "02282",
   "name": "Yakutat City and Borough",
   "state": "Alaska",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "No separate seat. The city and borough are one unified government.",
   "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=29.06.190&secEnd=29.06.190",
   "publisher": "Alaska Legislature, Alaska Statutes 29.06.190",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Sec. 29.06.190. Unification of municipalities authorized. (a) A borough and all cities in the borough may unite to form a single unit of home rule government ... (b) An area that is not incorporated as a borough, including any cities in the area, may incorporate as a unified municipality under AS 29.05.031."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "02290",
   "name": "Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area",
   "state": "Alaska",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. A census area in the Unorganized Borough, with no borough government.",
   "source_url": "https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=29.03.010&secEnd=29.03.010",
   "publisher": "Alaska Legislature, Alaska Statutes 29.03.010",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Sec. 29.03.010. Establishment. Areas of the state that are not within the boundaries of an organized borough constitute a single unorganized borough."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "08014",
   "name": "Broomfield County",
   "state": "Colorado",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "No separate seat. Broomfield is a consolidated city and county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.broomfield.org/27/About-Broomfield",
   "publisher": "City and County of Broomfield",
   "publisher_kind": "county",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Broomfield by the Numbers Founded: 1877 Incorporated: 1961 Home Rule Charter Adopted: 1974 Became a City and County: November 15, 2001"
  },
  {
   "geoid": "09110",
   "name": "Capitol Planning Region",
   "state": "Connecticut",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. Connecticut has had no county government since 1960.",
   "source_url": "https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/opm/igpp/org/county-equivalency/faq-for-ct-county-equivalency-12-14-2020.pdf",
   "publisher": "Connecticut Office of Policy and Management",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Is this a return of county government? No. Connecticut dissolved county government in 1960. ... A county equivalent is a regional geography that the Census Bureau treats as statistically equivalent to a county in an area without traditional county government."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "09120",
   "name": "Greater Bridgeport Planning Region",
   "state": "Connecticut",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. Connecticut has had no county government since 1960.",
   "source_url": "https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/opm/igpp/org/county-equivalency/faq-for-ct-county-equivalency-12-14-2020.pdf",
   "publisher": "Connecticut Office of Policy and Management",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Is this a return of county government? No. Connecticut dissolved county government in 1960. ... A county equivalent is a regional geography that the Census Bureau treats as statistically equivalent to a county in an area without traditional county government."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "09130",
   "name": "Lower Connecticut River Valley Planning Region",
   "state": "Connecticut",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. Connecticut has had no county government since 1960.",
   "source_url": "https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/opm/igpp/org/county-equivalency/faq-for-ct-county-equivalency-12-14-2020.pdf",
   "publisher": "Connecticut Office of Policy and Management",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Is this a return of county government? No. Connecticut dissolved county government in 1960. ... A county equivalent is a regional geography that the Census Bureau treats as statistically equivalent to a county in an area without traditional county government."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "09140",
   "name": "Naugatuck Valley Planning Region",
   "state": "Connecticut",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. Connecticut has had no county government since 1960.",
   "source_url": "https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/opm/igpp/org/county-equivalency/faq-for-ct-county-equivalency-12-14-2020.pdf",
   "publisher": "Connecticut Office of Policy and Management",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Is this a return of county government? No. Connecticut dissolved county government in 1960. ... A county equivalent is a regional geography that the Census Bureau treats as statistically equivalent to a county in an area without traditional county government."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "09150",
   "name": "Northeastern Connecticut Planning Region",
   "state": "Connecticut",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. Connecticut has had no county government since 1960.",
   "source_url": "https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/opm/igpp/org/county-equivalency/faq-for-ct-county-equivalency-12-14-2020.pdf",
   "publisher": "Connecticut Office of Policy and Management",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Is this a return of county government? No. Connecticut dissolved county government in 1960. ... A county equivalent is a regional geography that the Census Bureau treats as statistically equivalent to a county in an area without traditional county government."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "09160",
   "name": "Northwest Hills Planning Region",
   "state": "Connecticut",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. Connecticut has had no county government since 1960.",
   "source_url": "https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/opm/igpp/org/county-equivalency/faq-for-ct-county-equivalency-12-14-2020.pdf",
   "publisher": "Connecticut Office of Policy and Management",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Is this a return of county government? No. Connecticut dissolved county government in 1960. ... A county equivalent is a regional geography that the Census Bureau treats as statistically equivalent to a county in an area without traditional county government."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "09170",
   "name": "South Central Connecticut Planning Region",
   "state": "Connecticut",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. Connecticut has had no county government since 1960.",
   "source_url": "https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/opm/igpp/org/county-equivalency/faq-for-ct-county-equivalency-12-14-2020.pdf",
   "publisher": "Connecticut Office of Policy and Management",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Is this a return of county government? No. Connecticut dissolved county government in 1960. ... A county equivalent is a regional geography that the Census Bureau treats as statistically equivalent to a county in an area without traditional county government."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "09180",
   "name": "Southeastern Connecticut Planning Region",
   "state": "Connecticut",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. Connecticut has had no county government since 1960.",
   "source_url": "https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/opm/igpp/org/county-equivalency/faq-for-ct-county-equivalency-12-14-2020.pdf",
   "publisher": "Connecticut Office of Policy and Management",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Is this a return of county government? No. Connecticut dissolved county government in 1960. ... A county equivalent is a regional geography that the Census Bureau treats as statistically equivalent to a county in an area without traditional county government."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "09190",
   "name": "Western Connecticut Planning Region",
   "state": "Connecticut",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. Connecticut has had no county government since 1960.",
   "source_url": "https://portal.ct.gov/-/media/opm/igpp/org/county-equivalency/faq-for-ct-county-equivalency-12-14-2020.pdf",
   "publisher": "Connecticut Office of Policy and Management",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Is this a return of county government? No. Connecticut dissolved county government in 1960. ... A county equivalent is a regional geography that the Census Bureau treats as statistically equivalent to a county in an area without traditional county government."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "11001",
   "name": "District of Columbia",
   "state": "District of Columbia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. The District of Columbia has no counties.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "The District of Columbia and Guam have no primary divisions, and each area is considered an equivalent entity for purposes of data presentation in decennial censuses."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "12021",
   "name": "Collier County",
   "state": "Florida",
   "seat": [
    "East Naples"
   ],
   "note": null,
   "source_url": "https://www.collierclerk.com/?p=10902",
   "publisher": "Collier County Clerk of the Circuit Court & Comptroller",
   "publisher_kind": "county",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "sentiment began to designate largely underdeveloped East Naples as a seat ... When the referendum was held on May 19, 1959, East Naples won with 859 votes ... In September 1962, the courthouse was officially moved and a new building was built in its present-day location."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "13101",
   "name": "Echols County",
   "state": "Georgia",
   "seat": [
    "Statenville"
   ],
   "note": null,
   "source_url": "https://echolscountyga.com/?p=128",
   "publisher": "Echols County (consolidated government)",
   "publisher_kind": "county",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "It is a very rural county with no incorporated towns or cities. Statenville is the county seat where all the governmental offices are located."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "13271",
   "name": "Telfair County",
   "state": "Georgia",
   "seat": [
    "McRae-Helena"
   ],
   "note": null,
   "source_url": "https://dca.georgia.gov/document/publications/alphabetical-listing-all-counties-and-their-respective-cities/download",
   "publisher": "Georgia Department of Community Affairs, Office of Research, Municipalities by County (4/11/2022)",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-06",
   "quote": "Telfair County City of Jacksonville City of Lumber City City of McRae-Helena* City of Milan (Part) City of Scotland (Part) [...] * County Seat"
  },
  {
   "geoid": "15005",
   "name": "Kalawao County",
   "state": "Hawaii",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. The state Department of Health administers it.",
   "source_url": "https://data.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol06_Ch0321-0344/HRS0326/HRS_0326-0034.htm",
   "publisher": "Hawaii State Legislature, HRS 326-34",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "(a) The county of Kalawao ... shall not be or form a portion of the county of Maui, but is constituted a county by itself. ... (b) The county of Kalawao shall be under the jurisdiction and control of the department of health"
  },
  {
   "geoid": "24510",
   "name": "Baltimore city",
   "state": "Maryland",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "29510",
   "name": "St. Louis city",
   "state": "Missouri",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "30093",
   "name": "Silver Bow County",
   "state": "Montana",
   "seat": [
    "Butte"
   ],
   "note": "Consolidated Butte-Silver Bow city-county government",
   "source_url": "https://www.co.silverbow.mt.us/",
   "publisher": "Butte-Silver Bow (consolidated city-county)",
   "publisher_kind": "county",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "From its beginnings as a mining camp in the 1860s, Butte quickly grew into the nation's largest supplier of copper ... We are proud to be a consolidated city-county government, led by an elected Chief Executive and twelve Council of Commissioners who represent our districts."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "31117",
   "name": "McPherson County",
   "state": "Nebraska",
   "seat": [
    "Tryon"
   ],
   "note": null,
   "source_url": "https://mcphersoncounty.ne.gov/about-our-county/",
   "publisher": "McPherson County, Nebraska",
   "publisher_kind": "county",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "County Seat : The county seat is Tryon, which is one of only two unincorporated villages in Nebraska to serve as a county seat."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "32510",
   "name": "Carson City",
   "state": "Nevada",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. A consolidated municipality, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "36005",
   "name": "Bronx County",
   "state": "New York",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "No official county seat. New York City's five boroughs have no county governments of their own.",
   "source_url": "https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2025/01/localgovernmenthandbook_2024.pdf",
   "publisher": "New York Department of State, Local Government Handbook (2024)",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "New York State outside New York City is divided into 57 counties. The five boroughs of the City of New York function as counties for certain purposes, although they are not organized as such nor do they operate as county governments."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "36041",
   "name": "Hamilton County",
   "state": "New York",
   "seat": [
    "Lake Pleasant"
   ],
   "note": null,
   "source_url": "https://www.hamiltoncountyny.gov/",
   "publisher": "Hamilton County, New York",
   "publisher_kind": "county",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Contact Hamilton County COUNTY SEAT 102 County View Drive P.O. Box 205 Lake Pleasant, NY 12108"
  },
  {
   "geoid": "36047",
   "name": "Kings County",
   "state": "New York",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "No official county seat. New York City's five boroughs have no county governments of their own.",
   "source_url": "https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2025/01/localgovernmenthandbook_2024.pdf",
   "publisher": "New York Department of State, Local Government Handbook (2024)",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "New York State outside New York City is divided into 57 counties. The five boroughs of the City of New York function as counties for certain purposes, although they are not organized as such nor do they operate as county governments."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "36061",
   "name": "New York County",
   "state": "New York",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "No official county seat. New York City's five boroughs have no county governments of their own.",
   "source_url": "https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2025/01/localgovernmenthandbook_2024.pdf",
   "publisher": "New York Department of State, Local Government Handbook (2024)",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "New York State outside New York City is divided into 57 counties. The five boroughs of the City of New York function as counties for certain purposes, although they are not organized as such nor do they operate as county governments."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "36081",
   "name": "Queens County",
   "state": "New York",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "No official county seat. New York City's five boroughs have no county governments of their own.",
   "source_url": "https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2025/01/localgovernmenthandbook_2024.pdf",
   "publisher": "New York Department of State, Local Government Handbook (2024)",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "New York State outside New York City is divided into 57 counties. The five boroughs of the City of New York function as counties for certain purposes, although they are not organized as such nor do they operate as county governments."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "36085",
   "name": "Richmond County",
   "state": "New York",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "No official county seat. New York City's five boroughs have no county governments of their own.",
   "source_url": "https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2025/01/localgovernmenthandbook_2024.pdf",
   "publisher": "New York Department of State, Local Government Handbook (2024)",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "New York State outside New York City is divided into 57 counties. The five boroughs of the City of New York function as counties for certain purposes, although they are not organized as such nor do they operate as county governments."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "37053",
   "name": "Currituck County",
   "state": "North Carolina",
   "seat": [
    "Currituck"
   ],
   "note": null,
   "source_url": "https://files.nc.gov/ncdcr/nr/CK0007.pdf",
   "publisher": "North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources, State Historic Preservation Office, National Register nomination for the Currituck County Jail (CK0007, scanned)",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-06",
   "quote": "The small county seat of Currituck County, still known simply as Currituck Courthouse is located on the sandy shore of Currituck Sound, opposite the Outer Banks"
  },
  {
   "geoid": "46102",
   "name": "Oglala Lakota County",
   "state": "South Dakota",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. Fall River County runs its main offices from Hot Springs.",
   "source_url": "https://oglalalakotacountysd.gov/?p=92",
   "publisher": "Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota",
   "publisher_kind": "county",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Oglala Lakota County is one of two counties in South Dakota that does not have its own county seat (Todd County is the other). Hot Springs in neighboring Fall River County serves as its administrative center."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "46121",
   "name": "Todd County",
   "state": "South Dakota",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. Tripp County runs its main offices from Winner.",
   "source_url": "https://www.trippcounty.us/treasurer.html",
   "publisher": "Tripp County, South Dakota",
   "publisher_kind": "county",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Treasurer's Office 200 E. 3rd St Ste. 203 Winner, SD 57580 ... Services: Dual administration office for Tripp & Todd County. (Oglala Lakota County, oglalalakotacountysd.gov/?p=92: \"one of two counties in South Dakota that does not have its own county seat (Todd County is the other)\")"
  },
  {
   "geoid": "48037",
   "name": "Bowie County",
   "state": "Texas",
   "seat": [
    "Boston"
   ],
   "note": null,
   "source_url": "https://atlas.thc.texas.gov/Details/5037009469",
   "publisher": "Texas Historical Commission, Atlas marker text",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "Bowie County was created Dec. 18, 1840; organized Feb. 1, 1841. County seats: DeKalb, Old Boston, Texarkana, and Boston."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "48475",
   "name": "Ward County",
   "state": "Texas",
   "seat": [
    "Monahans"
   ],
   "note": null,
   "source_url": "https://atlas.thc.texas.gov/Details/5475004789",
   "publisher": "Texas Historical Commission, Atlas marker text",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "The landmark was razed soon after the county seat moved to Monahans in 1938."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51013",
   "name": "Arlington County",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": [
    "Arlington"
   ],
   "note": null,
   "source_url": "https://www.vaco.org/county-profiles/arlington-county/",
   "publisher": "Virginia Association of Counties",
   "publisher_kind": "county-association",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "County Details County Seat: Arlington Year Organized: 1801"
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51087",
   "name": "Henrico County",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": [
    "Henrico"
   ],
   "note": null,
   "source_url": "https://www.vaco.org/county-profiles/henrico-county/",
   "publisher": "Virginia Association of Counties",
   "publisher_kind": "county-association",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "County Details County Seat: Henrico"
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51093",
   "name": "Isle of Wight County",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": [
    "Isle of Wight"
   ],
   "note": null,
   "source_url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/046-0005_Isle-of-Wight-CH-Complex_2019_NRHP_FINAL.pdf",
   "publisher": "Virginia Department of Historic Resources, National Register nomination for the Isle of Wight County Courthouse Complex (046-0005)",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-06",
   "quote": "The county seat relocated to its present location beginning in 1800. [...] City or Vicinity: Isle of Wight County: Isle of Wight State: Virginia"
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51095",
   "name": "James City County",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": [
    "Williamsburg"
   ],
   "note": "An independent city, outside the county",
   "source_url": "https://www.vaco.org/county-profiles/james-city-county/",
   "publisher": "Virginia Association of Counties",
   "publisher_kind": "county-association",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "James City County County Courthouse County Details County Seat: Williamsburg Year Organized: 1634. (vaco.org/county-profiles: \"Many county seats are politically not a part of the counties they serve; under Virginia law, all municipalities incorporated as cities are independent cities and are not part of any county.\")"
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51183",
   "name": "Sussex County",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": [
    "Sussex"
   ],
   "note": null,
   "source_url": "https://www.dhr.virginia.gov/historic-registers/091-0072/",
   "publisher": "Virginia Department of Historic Resources, Sussex County Court House Historic District (091-0072)",
   "publisher_kind": "state",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-06",
   "quote": "The tiny settlement of Sussex Court House typifies the early-19th-century Virginia county seat, consisting of a scattering of court structures with a few law offices and dwellings."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51510",
   "name": "Alexandria city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51520",
   "name": "Bristol city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51530",
   "name": "Buena Vista city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51540",
   "name": "Charlottesville city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51550",
   "name": "Chesapeake city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51570",
   "name": "Colonial Heights city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51580",
   "name": "Covington city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51590",
   "name": "Danville city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51595",
   "name": "Emporia city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51600",
   "name": "Fairfax city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51610",
   "name": "Falls Church city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51620",
   "name": "Franklin city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51630",
   "name": "Fredericksburg city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51640",
   "name": "Galax city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51650",
   "name": "Hampton city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51660",
   "name": "Harrisonburg city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51670",
   "name": "Hopewell city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51678",
   "name": "Lexington city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51680",
   "name": "Lynchburg city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51683",
   "name": "Manassas city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51685",
   "name": "Manassas Park city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51690",
   "name": "Martinsville city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51700",
   "name": "Newport News city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51710",
   "name": "Norfolk city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51720",
   "name": "Norton city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51730",
   "name": "Petersburg city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51735",
   "name": "Poquoson city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51740",
   "name": "Portsmouth city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51750",
   "name": "Radford city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51760",
   "name": "Richmond city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51770",
   "name": "Roanoke city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51775",
   "name": "Salem city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51790",
   "name": "Staunton city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51800",
   "name": "Suffolk city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51810",
   "name": "Virginia Beach city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51820",
   "name": "Waynesboro city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51830",
   "name": "Williamsburg city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  },
  {
   "geoid": "51840",
   "name": "Winchester city",
   "state": "Virginia",
   "seat": null,
   "note": "None. An independent city, not part of any county.",
   "source_url": "https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/geography/about/glossary.html",
   "publisher": "U.S. Census Bureau, Geography glossary",
   "publisher_kind": "federal",
   "retrieved": "2026-11-05",
   "quote": "In four states (Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia), there are one or more incorporated places that are independent of any county organization and, thus, constitute primary divisions of their states. These incorporated places are known as independent cities and are treated as equivalent entities for purposes of data presentation."
  }
 ]
}